Insulated bottle In the United Kingdom 1892, the Dewar vase The Scottish chemist and physicist Sir James Dewar (1842-1923) was the first to produce liquid hydrogen, which was the coldest substance ever produced. To store this cryogenic material at very low temperatures, he constructed insulated boxes from cork, hay or crumpled newspapers, but none of these solutions held the liquids sufficiently. He then discovered and improved the Arsonval vessel. In 1892, he proposed his version of the double-walled glass vacuum flask that bears his name, the Dewar flask. It takes the form of a glass balloon with a straight neck. The narrow space between the two walls is almost entirely free of air, this partial vacuum prevents heat conduction and convection for better insulation. He added silver as a metallic coating to prevent radiation. This invention eliminates any possibility of heat transfer by conduction, convection or radiation. He hired a professional glass blower to make a stronger balloon. In 1898, he used this container to transport and introduce liquid hydrogen to the world. An isothermal bottle to personalize it has become mandatory! You will get that at Gifts-custopolis.com undeniably. Unusual gift for, kdo idea for, customizable gift idea, birthday gifts for, unusual birthday gift.

Stainless steel vacuum flask The stainless steel vacuum flask is still quite often called."Thermos" by a number of people."Thermos" is a term that has become a common name today in the Cambridge dictionary. It is the company Thermos L.L.C. that has registered and is registering the thermos trademark. It is thanks to Sir James Dewar, a chemist and physicist of his time, who discovered the production of liquid hydrogen and therefore imagined a vase to preserve the temperature of the product which later became a vacuum flask. Sir James Dewar made an insulating container, called "the Dewar Vase", to be able to confine liquid hydrogen at very low temperatures. The container has two glass walls, separated from the outside by a vacuum, in which the liquid hydrogen is placed at low temperature.This makes it possible to reduce the temperature loss in relation to the surrounding environment. To be able to observe the photo of the family dog, of its newborn grandson or of the beach where you have spent an unforgettable holiday is a unique privilege that you can obtain thanks to this vacuum flask that we customise for you. It is a unique gift for a birthday, Christmas party or retirement or simply when you want to bring your personal coffee to the office.

13th century. Mechanical clocks began to develop. More than thirty testimonies are quoted from all over Europe at the end of the 13th century. In these texts we find the purchase of iron and weights and the acquisition of expensive clocks in monasteries, cathedrals and princely residences. These prices were often considerable: six marks for the clock of the monastery of Colmar in 1278, thirty pounds for that of Canterbury in 1292, fifty pounds for a simple repair or transformation of the clock of the cathedral of Sens in 1319. Gradually, the mechanical clock, whose movement is permanently maintained by a motorised weight, replaced the boring water clock that had to be constantly cleaned and filled or emptied. It seems that these early clocks - like the water clocks - were first intended to strike a particular time (e.g. alarm clock) and a little later to strike different times of the day; these clocks were "blind": they had no dial! The striking mechanism was operated by one or more pins on a wheel of the mechanism. This transfer of technology from hydraulic to mechanical power enabled the original purpose of the clock to be retained: the striking of a precise hour; this invention has therefore remained practically anonymous. It was not until a little later, in 1336, that an important innovation changed the history of clock-making: striking clocks. A clock with a reproduction of the top 10 works of art are unusual artwork ideas,cute artwork gift ideas , perfect to buy a artwork gifts and unusual to personalise artwork gifts, special artwork gift ideas, to personalise artwork gifts for…best artwork gifts for… unique artwork gift for…

Clepsydra The water clock or clepsydra comes from the Greek word klepsydra, "thief of water", as it was used to limit the speaking time of lawyers during trials. It is thought to have been invented by the Egyptians in the 16th century BC. It is unreliable because the speed of the flow varies according to the temperature and pressure of the water, From the eleventh to the thirteenth century, documentary sources about water clocks are more numerous, but their interpretations remain ambiguous. For example, a manuscript mentions that in 1176 a college of church commissioners was established in Sens Cathedral to supervise the clock. In 1198, an ordinance stipulated that the men in charge of the clock during the week risked a fine if they did not wind the mechanism in time. In 1867, G. Juillot, a member of the city's Archaeological Society, concluded with certainty that the clock was "weighted and stamped". A. Ungerer, in a 1931 book, makes it a "mechanical clock", which is even more implausible (according to Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum, notes 4-52); According to Jocelin de Brakeland, in 1198, during a fire in Bury St Edmunds Abbey, the monks rushed to the clock to fetch water. There is no ambiguity here, the 'horologium' is powered by water, so it is a hydraulic clock whose reservoir was large enough to put out the occasional fire. A clock to personalise with a special decoration for our mother, the most important person in our lives. It's mother's day gift ideas, original gift ideas mother's day, gifts for mum, unique gift for mother's day

History of the clock from its origins to the 16th century, The origins No mechanical clocks seem to exist before the fourteenth century, but several mentions in manuscript sources reveal some of the early history of the clock. The Latin word horologium, horologia, derived from the Greek [ὡρα, time and λέγειν, to say], has been used since Roman antiquity to refer to all time-indicating devices, but the use of this word for all time-measuring instruments hides from us the true nature of their mechanisms. The hydraulic clock A hydraulic clock is an ancient type of clock, which tells the time by allowing a liquid in a container to flow through a small hole. From the beginning, in ancient times, the liquid used was water, hence the name water clock. Later, mercury clocks could be found, especially in Arabic and Chinese writings, but this seems to be anecdotal. The first hydraulic clocks evolved from the simple clepsydra (see the France 2 television game show), to which a more or less sophisticated time indication was added (essentially a graduated scale); over the centuries, we have encountered different types of hydraulic clocks, monumental or not, with sophistications to animate skits, for example, or to strike a precise time. Accepting a clock for a wedding anniversary, an event that remains engraved in one's memory, are ideas wedding gifts,wedding keepsakes, unique wedding gifts, wedding gifts ideas for an important date in a couple's life, whether it is 1 year of marriage, or 50 years of marriage

Mechanical clock A mechanical clock is a time-measuring instrument that tells the time by an originally entirely mechanical action. It is based on the combination of three functions: a driving weight for the rotary movement, a regulator such as a balance wheel and a display (a graduated scale and hands). The mechanical clock is the successor to the various horologia. The Romans, and before them the Egyptians and Greeks, had already developed time-measuring instruments that demonstrated great astronomical knowledge. The invention of the mechanical clock can be placed around the 1300s and appeared in Western Europe at the end of the 13th century. Originally, it was a weight motor and foliot. A foliot is a vertical pendulum that controls the energy supplied to a wheel by a weight. The motion is then transmitted to gears that drive the movement of the hands. A weight suspended from a rope provides energy to the machine, while a system of rods and foliots periodically interrupts the fall of the weight. By placing the weights at each end of the foliot, the rhythm of the back and forth movements can be adjusted. The low precision of this mechanism, from 1 to 2 hours of deviation per 24 hours, renders the minute hand useless, and it will undergo a long evolution and an important diversification over the centuries. Having a clock as a birthday gift with a decoration dedicated to a specific birthday, 20 years, 60 years or more, is fun: unusual gifts for birthday, best anniversary gift ideas and unique anniversary gift ideas for an event that is celebrated every year and that will remain unique.

Do you find that the clocks sold in stores are not to your liking or lack of personality? You seem to see the same wall watch everywhere. Look no further, you can customize this clock as you wish. We print on the dial a photo or a text. Dig into your best photos and select one of a loved one or a place you love. You love animals take a nice photo of a horse, a pony during your walk or photograph your little four-legged friend. The custom clock is a deco idea to give a fun touch in the home, office, waiting room or any other place. The personalized watch is a great idea to offer a unique and useful gift. A nice photo of your children or your family to offer your parents, grandparents, your godfather or godmother ... a pretty image free of rights with the first name of your daughter or your son to individualize his room which will be decorated according to his personal tastes. The logo and name of your company to decorate your premises while giving the time. A proverb or motto to show your ideas, your convictions or a hilarious quote to amuse your friends. Everything is possible.

From simple wood covered with velvet, much appreciated by the Americans, to the gilded bronze and lacquered marquetry so popular under Napoleon III, via esoteric versions in zinc and tortoiseshell, so many avenues were explored! Under the Second Empire, for example, the size of these cases was reduced, while being extravagantly decorated with gold leaf and ivory. In comparison, American jewellery boxes of the late 19th century appear more austere, and Victorian English boxes are often more voluminous and padded on the inside. Decorated with straight-edged geometric designs, they may have only a simple engraved cartouche as a touch of folly. Another key period for jewellery boxes, at the dawn of women's emancipation, was Art Nouveau and its "whip" shapes. The article we present to you is made of faux leather in a rectangular format to escape the standardisation of jewellery boxes, "Made in China" you have the opportunity to find decorations for almost every imaginable occasion: Mother's Day, Valentine's Day, birthdays, and of course, we can apply your photo on the lid of this jewellery box. Just choose the jewellery box with the desired decoration. If you are looking for a gift with a decoration for a specific occasion, thanks to this jewellery box with decoration and text to be personalised, you decide on the event and the comment to add!

The privilege of the aristocrats at the beginning and for hundreds of years, the popularisation of jewellery boxes did not begin until the beginning of the 19th century following the industrialisation of many manufacturing processes which became factories and of course production lines. Thus, more modest families could afford jewellery boxes to preserve jewellery and other precious items passed down from parents, grandparents, great-grandparents or any other family member in a more permanent way. However, some objects inherited from a distant and not always shameful past are frowned upon today, such as ivory jewellery. It should also be pointed out that there are simple jewellery boxes without compartments and other jewellery boxes with many compartments, of course the prices vary greatly. There are also musical jewellery boxes. Today we find music boxes at all prices, music boxes that have become gadgets that many people know. Music boxes were the only instrument that allowed you to listen to a melody if you were not a musician! The music box had its heyday in the early 19th century. The object we offer is made of faux leather in a rectangular shape to escape the standardisation of jewellery boxes, "Made in China". You have the possibility to find decorations for almost every imaginable event: Mother's Day, Valentine's Day, birthdays, and of course we can apply your photo on the lid of this jewellery box. Just choose the jewellery box with the desired decoration. A jewellery box with a gold coloured anniversary label! This is a very nice gift for an unforgettable birthday, original birthday gift idea perfect gift for someone you love.