Conservation solutions The discovery and development of ceramics was a major step forward in the preservation and storage of certain liquids, such as wine and various drinks obtained after distillation or fermentation and therefore containing alcohol. This made it possible to preserve liquids in hermetically sealed ceramic containers. These tightly sealed containers were indispensable for their preservation. Another preservation solution that humans used several thousand years before Christ was cold or freeze-drying. Freeze-drying means freezing the food and then dehydrating it to remove the liquid. Each era has brought advances in food and liquid preservation. The Romans introduced brine and vinegar as a preservative, resulting in marinade. Then came sodium chloride and acetic acid, which were mankind's first preservative food additives. After that, benzoic and sorbic acids, natural preservatives present in certain spices, cinnamon and cloves, helped Marco Polo's travels. In the Middle Ages, tobacco was added, also a preservative additive, but also the formaldehyde found in wood smoke, which allowed the smoking of many foods. Gifts-custopolis proposes metal tins with a lid that can be personalised with different decorations: Mother's Day, Secretaries' Day or professional birthdays, with an unforgettable holiday photo or with a photo of whoever you want. A metal box decorated with a gold coloured birthday label! Ideal birthday gift, it is a very nice gift for an original birthday, original birthday gift idea, perfect gift for someone you love.

Trivet tile Buy unusual and original kdo tiles, incomparable and unique personalized surprises, funny or unique gifts all is possible from Gifts-custopolis-gifts.com In some countries, it is called a trivet, in other countries it is called a table mat or hot pad. For short, there are many names for this indispensable object, but it is always the same kitchen utensil that is placed under a very hot dish. This accessory is really necessary on a table, so you might as well choose one that looks good. You can easily decorate a table, without ruining yourself, thanks to a trivet decorated with a masterpiece. You can choose from the 10 most popular works. Many people love works of art, but don't have a masterpiece at home. The most popular paintings are Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Vermeer, Rembrandt, Picasso, Munch, Van Gogh, Monet, Dali and Klimt. Art has its place almost everywhere, even on the table. This will undoubtedly make you want to find out more about these painters. This under-floor tile decorated with a masterpiece will create a sensation among your guests. Decorative tiles or tile art are to be distinguished from mosaics, whose shapes are made up of a large number of small tesserae (small pieces of marble, stone, glass paste or ceramic, the basic material of a wall or floor mosaic) placed irregularly, each of one colour, usually of glass or sometimes of ceramic or stone. There are different tile patterns, such as herringbone, quincunx, squares, stacks, reels, Versailles parquet, matted tiles, art tiles, diagonals and encaustics, which can vary in size, shape, thickness and colour. It is therefore the ideal and original gift that can be given as a Christmas present, as a New Year's gift, but also for grandma's birthday party or as a wedding present. An original personalised kdo for any occasion, big or small.

History of the cup Long ago, before we had cups or even pots, people drank from clay calabashes or jars that they made themselves by hand using the local materials available at the time. No wonder it took them so long to invent a pottery vessel that could keep a liquid hot or cold without burning up! As to who actually invented the cup, it is not entirely clear! But it was in ancient times that pottery cups were used for drinking water and other beverages in Asia and Africa, as well as in Europe and North America. The oldest cups found in different parts of the world are clay vessels that were discovered in Egypt during excavations conducted between 1933 and 1938 by the archaeologist Amelia Biliotti. They date back to 4000 BC and have certain similarities with today's ceramic cups. In ancient times, drinking vessels were mainly used to store water, not to drink it, as most modern glasses are today! The cup used to be made of wood in the countryside, and of thick earthenware in the cabarets where it was often decorated with floral motifs.

History of the cup Mugs The evolution of the human species has been made through many small changes in habits and ways of acting. One of these changes is undoubtedly the way we eat and the utensils and objects we use, as we have already mentioned in our article. Kitchen items have diversified over time according to cultures and needs. The mug is one of those illustrious everyday objects that have a history and whose usefulness is no longer in question. The mug is now tending to be rivalled by the mug, which is a large, much more fashionable cup used without a saucer. A mug is a large cylindrical container with a handle, used without a saucer, which looks similar to a mug and is used for drinking or measuring in Europe and Quebec, and only for drinking hot liquids in North America. A mug can also be made of clay, glass or enamelled metal. Its use varies from region to region and it can be decorated and personalised as desired. You can therefore offer or buy a mug personalised with your company logo, to drink a cup of coffee while motivating yourself at work. A mug has the particularity of being able to be decorated according to one's taste and wishes. They are available in different sizes and formats, as well as in different colours.

History of the cup We know the story of the pottery kiln from an ancient Chinese poem, the "Shuihuzhuan" (poem about the origin of objects). It reads as follows... There was once a man named Zhou Bo, who had a son named Lu Buwei, who had a daughter named Jiang Wei. Jiang Wei was the first person to make porcelain ware, which she then presented to her father, who liked it so much that he gave her this land, where she built a kiln and started making pots for sale, with her father's blessing (he needed the money, after all!). She sold them very well and soon became rich; however, she wanted to give something back to her parents for their generosity, so she asked her father if he would accept these two cups, which she said were the best ever made. One day Lu Buwei decided to build a kiln so that his sister, Jiang Wei, could make pots. He went into the forest to collect clay and saw beautiful pieces of glazed porcelain lying in the ground among the roots of the trees! He took them home, and the next morning he called his son, Lu Buwei, and told him to take these pieces of porcelain to make pots, and then took him to see the kiln where they had been collected.

Insulated bottle In the United Kingdom 1892, the Dewar vase The Scottish chemist and physicist Sir James Dewar (1842-1923) was the first to produce liquid hydrogen, which was the coldest substance ever produced. To store this cryogenic material at very low temperatures, he constructed insulated boxes from cork, hay or crumpled newspapers, but none of these solutions held the liquids sufficiently. He then discovered and improved the Arsonval vessel. In 1892, he proposed his version of the double-walled glass vacuum flask that bears his name, the Dewar flask. It takes the form of a glass balloon with a straight neck. The narrow space between the two walls is almost entirely free of air, this partial vacuum prevents heat conduction and convection for better insulation. He added silver as a metallic coating to prevent radiation. This invention eliminates any possibility of heat transfer by conduction, convection or radiation. He hired a professional glass blower to make a stronger balloon. In 1898, he used this container to transport and introduce liquid hydrogen to the world. An isothermal bottle to personalize it has become mandatory! You will get that at Gifts-custopolis.com undeniably. Unusual gift for, kdo idea for, customizable gift idea, birthday gifts for, unusual birthday gift.

Insulated bottle History "The first known bottles made of glass were created by the Egyptians around 1500 BC. The bottles were formed by placing molten glass around a core of sand and clay. The core was then hollowed out once the glass had cooled. Making the bottles was a long and complicated process, so they were considered a luxury item in ancient Egypt. Around 200 BC, glass bottles were made in China and Persia, as well as in Egypt, using a method of blowing molten glass into a mould. The Romans later adopted the same method and the technique spread throughout Europe in the 1400s and 1500s. In France 1888, the Arsonval vase An important step was taken by the physicist Arsène d'Arsonval (1851-1940), one of the greatest French scientists. He invented a revolutionary container, the d'Arsonval vase. In 1888 he introduced the first double-walled glass bottle with an internal vacuum. Although we generally use the isothermal bottle to keep our drinks hot, it was originally designed to store liquid air at very low temperatures for several days. His colleague, the physicist Violle, improved it by coating the inner surface with a thin metal layer to reduce radiation losses. Thus was born the very first isothermal bottle in France. With a height of 40 cm and a diameter of 20 cm, this hemispherical vase is made up of a highly insulating silver double wall with an internal vacuum. An isothermal bottle to personalize has become essential! You will discover that at Gifts-custopolis.com of course. Original gift, customizable gift idea, unusual birthday gift, birthday gift ideas, birthday gifts

Isothermal bottle Foreword Practical and lightweight, the insulated bottle has revolutionised our consumption and is now as much a part of our daily lives as a handbag or a telephone. It allows you to take your favourite drink wherever you go and keep it at the right temperature all day long. It has evolved a lot over the years: weight, materials, user-friendliness and design. Introduction "Since the invention of the insulated bottle, the question has never been how to keep hot liquids hot and cold liquids cold". The big question is how it works. The answer is: by using foam or vacuum packaging. There is more to an insulated bottle than meets the eye. What we think of as a rigid container is actually a container within a container, with foam or vacuum between the inner wall of the outer container and the outer wall of the inner container. Foam containers keep cold liquids cold and vacuum containers keep hot liquids hot. This method has proven to be very effective since the early 20th century and that is why insulated bottles are popular with anyone who needs or wants to drink liquids on the go, such as athletes, travellers, campers and hikers, or just the average busy person who is thirsty from time to time and has prepared their hot or cold drink in advance. Many baby bottles are also insulated." An isothermal bottle to personalise is now essential! You will find it easily at Gifts-custopolis.com. Unique gift to personalise,original kdo idea, original gift photo,photo gift idea for, little photo gift...

Stainless steel vacuum flask The stainless steel vacuum flask is still quite often called."Thermos" by a number of people."Thermos" is a term that has become a common name today in the Cambridge dictionary. It is the company Thermos L.L.C. that has registered and is registering the thermos trademark. It is thanks to Sir James Dewar, a chemist and physicist of his time, who discovered the production of liquid hydrogen and therefore imagined a vase to preserve the temperature of the product which later became a vacuum flask. Sir James Dewar made an insulating container, called "the Dewar Vase", to be able to confine liquid hydrogen at very low temperatures. The container has two glass walls, separated from the outside by a vacuum, in which the liquid hydrogen is placed at low temperature.This makes it possible to reduce the temperature loss in relation to the surrounding environment. To be able to observe the photo of the family dog, of its newborn grandson or of the beach where you have spent an unforgettable holiday is a unique privilege that you can obtain thanks to this vacuum flask that we customise for you. It is a unique gift for a birthday, Christmas party or retirement or simply when you want to bring your personal coffee to the office.

13th century. Mechanical clocks began to develop. More than thirty testimonies are quoted from all over Europe at the end of the 13th century. In these texts we find the purchase of iron and weights and the acquisition of expensive clocks in monasteries, cathedrals and princely residences. These prices were often considerable: six marks for the clock of the monastery of Colmar in 1278, thirty pounds for that of Canterbury in 1292, fifty pounds for a simple repair or transformation of the clock of the cathedral of Sens in 1319. Gradually, the mechanical clock, whose movement is permanently maintained by a motorised weight, replaced the boring water clock that had to be constantly cleaned and filled or emptied. It seems that these early clocks - like the water clocks - were first intended to strike a particular time (e.g. alarm clock) and a little later to strike different times of the day; these clocks were "blind": they had no dial! The striking mechanism was operated by one or more pins on a wheel of the mechanism. This transfer of technology from hydraulic to mechanical power enabled the original purpose of the clock to be retained: the striking of a precise hour; this invention has therefore remained practically anonymous. It was not until a little later, in 1336, that an important innovation changed the history of clock-making: striking clocks. A clock with a reproduction of the top 10 works of art are unusual artwork ideas,cute artwork gift ideas , perfect to buy a artwork gifts and unusual to personalise artwork gifts, special artwork gift ideas, to personalise artwork gifts for…best artwork gifts for… unique artwork gift for…

History of the clock from its origins to the 16th century, The origins No mechanical clocks seem to exist before the fourteenth century, but several mentions in manuscript sources reveal some of the early history of the clock. The Latin word horologium, horologia, derived from the Greek [ὡρα, time and λέγειν, to say], has been used since Roman antiquity to refer to all time-indicating devices, but the use of this word for all time-measuring instruments hides from us the true nature of their mechanisms. The hydraulic clock A hydraulic clock is an ancient type of clock, which tells the time by allowing a liquid in a container to flow through a small hole. From the beginning, in ancient times, the liquid used was water, hence the name water clock. Later, mercury clocks could be found, especially in Arabic and Chinese writings, but this seems to be anecdotal. The first hydraulic clocks evolved from the simple clepsydra (see the France 2 television game show), to which a more or less sophisticated time indication was added (essentially a graduated scale); over the centuries, we have encountered different types of hydraulic clocks, monumental or not, with sophistications to animate skits, for example, or to strike a precise time. Accepting a clock for a wedding anniversary, an event that remains engraved in one's memory, are ideas wedding gifts,wedding keepsakes, unique wedding gifts, wedding gifts ideas for an important date in a couple's life, whether it is 1 year of marriage, or 50 years of marriage

Mechanical clock A mechanical clock is a time-measuring instrument that tells the time by an originally entirely mechanical action. It is based on the combination of three functions: a driving weight for the rotary movement, a regulator such as a balance wheel and a display (a graduated scale and hands). The mechanical clock is the successor to the various horologia. The Romans, and before them the Egyptians and Greeks, had already developed time-measuring instruments that demonstrated great astronomical knowledge. The invention of the mechanical clock can be placed around the 1300s and appeared in Western Europe at the end of the 13th century. Originally, it was a weight motor and foliot. A foliot is a vertical pendulum that controls the energy supplied to a wheel by a weight. The motion is then transmitted to gears that drive the movement of the hands. A weight suspended from a rope provides energy to the machine, while a system of rods and foliots periodically interrupts the fall of the weight. By placing the weights at each end of the foliot, the rhythm of the back and forth movements can be adjusted. The low precision of this mechanism, from 1 to 2 hours of deviation per 24 hours, renders the minute hand useless, and it will undergo a long evolution and an important diversification over the centuries. Having a clock as a birthday gift with a decoration dedicated to a specific birthday, 20 years, 60 years or more, is fun: unusual gifts for birthday, best anniversary gift ideas and unique anniversary gift ideas for an event that is celebrated every year and that will remain unique.