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Insulated bottle In the United Kingdom 1892, the Dewar vase The Scottish chemist and physicist Sir James Dewar (1842-1923) was the first to produce liquid hydrogen, which was the coldest substance ever produced. To store this cryogenic material at very low temperatures, he constructed insulated boxes from cork, hay or crumpled newspapers, but none of these solutions held the liquids sufficiently. He then discovered and improved the Arsonval vessel. In 1892, he proposed his version of the double-walled glass vacuum flask that bears his name, the Dewar flask. It takes the form of a glass balloon with a straight neck. The narrow space between the two walls is almost entirely free of air, this partial vacuum prevents heat conduction and convection for better insulation. He added silver as a metallic coating to prevent radiation. This invention eliminates any possibility of heat transfer by conduction, convection or radiation. He hired a professional glass blower to make a stronger balloon. In 1898, he used this container to transport and introduce liquid hydrogen to the world. An isothermal bottle to personalize it has become mandatory! You will get that at Gifts-custopolis.com undeniably. Unusual gift for, kdo idea for, customizable gift idea, birthday gifts for, unusual birthday gift.

Isothermal bottle In the USA The first bottle and glass factory in the USA was founded in 1608 in Virginia. In the 1800s, new variations of the glass bottle appeared. The baby bottle, for example, was patented in 1841. However, the concept was not new. In ancient times, babies were fed with a bottle with two openings. One opening was used to pour the liquid into the bottle and the second opening was placed in the baby's mouth. The 16th century bottle looked like a duck; the baby was fed through its beak. Glassblower John L. Mason designed the first glass jar with a screw top in 1858, the now famous Mason jar. In the mid-19th century, Dr Hervey Thatcher invented the glass milk bottle. The Coca-Cola Company introduced the first soft drink bottle in 1915. Several other brands followed, each with its own distinctive bottle shape. The shape and weight of soft drink bottles were standardised after 1934", but standardisation is relative, as each brand differs in its design and increasingly in the contents of the bottle. "The bottle manufacturing" process was first automated in 1865 with the introduction of a press and blow machine. An isothermal bottle to personalize has become essential! You will find that at Gifts-custopolis.com for sure. Birthday gifts, birthday gifts for, unusual birthday gift, gift idea for, gift idea for personalize

13th century. Mechanical clocks began to develop. More than thirty testimonies are quoted from all over Europe at the end of the 13th century. In these texts we find the purchase of iron and weights and the acquisition of expensive clocks in monasteries, cathedrals and princely residences. These prices were often considerable: six marks for the clock of the monastery of Colmar in 1278, thirty pounds for that of Canterbury in 1292, fifty pounds for a simple repair or transformation of the clock of the cathedral of Sens in 1319. Gradually, the mechanical clock, whose movement is permanently maintained by a motorised weight, replaced the boring water clock that had to be constantly cleaned and filled or emptied. It seems that these early clocks - like the water clocks - were first intended to strike a particular time (e.g. alarm clock) and a little later to strike different times of the day; these clocks were "blind": they had no dial! The striking mechanism was operated by one or more pins on a wheel of the mechanism. This transfer of technology from hydraulic to mechanical power enabled the original purpose of the clock to be retained: the striking of a precise hour; this invention has therefore remained practically anonymous. It was not until a little later, in 1336, that an important innovation changed the history of clock-making: striking clocks. A clock with a reproduction of the top 10 works of art are unusual artwork ideas,cute artwork gift ideas , perfect to buy a artwork gifts and unusual to personalise artwork gifts, special artwork gift ideas, to personalise artwork gifts for…best artwork gifts for… unique artwork gift for…

Clepsydra The water clock or clepsydra comes from the Greek word klepsydra, "thief of water", as it was used to limit the speaking time of lawyers during trials. It is thought to have been invented by the Egyptians in the 16th century BC. It is unreliable because the speed of the flow varies according to the temperature and pressure of the water, From the eleventh to the thirteenth century, documentary sources about water clocks are more numerous, but their interpretations remain ambiguous. For example, a manuscript mentions that in 1176 a college of church commissioners was established in Sens Cathedral to supervise the clock. In 1198, an ordinance stipulated that the men in charge of the clock during the week risked a fine if they did not wind the mechanism in time. In 1867, G. Juillot, a member of the city's Archaeological Society, concluded with certainty that the clock was "weighted and stamped". A. Ungerer, in a 1931 book, makes it a "mechanical clock", which is even more implausible (according to Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum, notes 4-52); According to Jocelin de Brakeland, in 1198, during a fire in Bury St Edmunds Abbey, the monks rushed to the clock to fetch water. There is no ambiguity here, the 'horologium' is powered by water, so it is a hydraulic clock whose reservoir was large enough to put out the occasional fire. A clock to personalise with a special decoration for our mother, the most important person in our lives. It's mother's day gift ideas, original gift ideas mother's day, gifts for mum, unique gift for mother's day

History of the clock from its origins to the 16th century, The origins No mechanical clocks seem to exist before the fourteenth century, but several mentions in manuscript sources reveal some of the early history of the clock. The Latin word horologium, horologia, derived from the Greek [ὡρα, time and λέγειν, to say], has been used since Roman antiquity to refer to all time-indicating devices, but the use of this word for all time-measuring instruments hides from us the true nature of their mechanisms. The hydraulic clock A hydraulic clock is an ancient type of clock, which tells the time by allowing a liquid in a container to flow through a small hole. From the beginning, in ancient times, the liquid used was water, hence the name water clock. Later, mercury clocks could be found, especially in Arabic and Chinese writings, but this seems to be anecdotal. The first hydraulic clocks evolved from the simple clepsydra (see the France 2 television game show), to which a more or less sophisticated time indication was added (essentially a graduated scale); over the centuries, we have encountered different types of hydraulic clocks, monumental or not, with sophistications to animate skits, for example, or to strike a precise time. Accepting a clock for a wedding anniversary, an event that remains engraved in one's memory, are ideas wedding gifts,wedding keepsakes, unique wedding gifts, wedding gifts ideas for an important date in a couple's life, whether it is 1 year of marriage, or 50 years of marriage

"Charlemagne's "Clock In 806, Charlemagne was presented with a prestigious horologium by an ambassador of the Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad, Haroun ar-Rachid; this clock, whose automata are often described in detail, is sometimes considered a mechanical clock. Located in the northern part of the Champ-de-Mars (Rome), halfway between the Mausoleum of Augustus and the Pantheon of Agrippa, this monument, inaugurated in 10 BC, was unique in its size in antiquity. It was a gigantic sundial, occupying a large square of 150 by 70 metres, paved with marble and bearing astronomical graduations and bronze inscriptions, some of which have been found. Eginhard, Charlemagne's chronicler, described it in the 800s as follows: "A machine which, driven by the motive power of water, marks the hours by an appropriate number of small bronze balls which fall on a brass gong; at the end of each hour, a rider comes out of one of the twelve windows, which is open at first and then closes behind him." Later, Pacificus of Verona, who died in 844, is also credited with the invention of a clock, considered the first mechanical clock. His horologium nocturnum was in fact only an observation tube that bore some resemblance to the nocturlabe depicted in one of the astronomical manuscripts in the library of the abbey of Mont-Saint-Michel; this affinity is still found in 20th century encyclopaedic sources. Having a clock as a birthday gift with a decoration dedicated to a specific birthday, 20 years, 60 years or more, is fun: unusual gifts for birthday,best anniversary gift ideas and unique anniversary gift ideas for an event that is celebrated every year and that will remain unique.

Mechanical clock A mechanical clock is a time-measuring instrument that tells the time by an originally entirely mechanical action. It is based on the combination of three functions: a driving weight for the rotary movement, a regulator such as a balance wheel and a display (a graduated scale and hands). The mechanical clock is the successor to the various horologia. The Romans, and before them the Egyptians and Greeks, had already developed time-measuring instruments that demonstrated great astronomical knowledge. The invention of the mechanical clock can be placed around the 1300s and appeared in Western Europe at the end of the 13th century. Originally, it was a weight motor and foliot. A foliot is a vertical pendulum that controls the energy supplied to a wheel by a weight. The motion is then transmitted to gears that drive the movement of the hands. A weight suspended from a rope provides energy to the machine, while a system of rods and foliots periodically interrupts the fall of the weight. By placing the weights at each end of the foliot, the rhythm of the back and forth movements can be adjusted. The low precision of this mechanism, from 1 to 2 hours of deviation per 24 hours, renders the minute hand useless, and it will undergo a long evolution and an important diversification over the centuries. Having a clock as a birthday gift with a decoration dedicated to a specific birthday, 20 years, 60 years or more, is fun: unusual gifts for birthday, best anniversary gift ideas and unique anniversary gift ideas for an event that is celebrated every year and that will remain unique.

Sundials and obelisks Ancient Egyptian obelisks, built around 3500 BC, are also among the oldest ghost clocks. The oldest known sundial comes from Egypt. It dates from around 1500 BC. Candle clocks The first mention of candle clocks comes from a Chinese poem written in 520 AD. According to this poem, the graduated candle, whose burning rate was measured, was a means of determining the time of night. Similar candles were used in Japan until the early 10th century. Hourglass Hourglasses were the first reliable, reusable, reasonably accurate and easily manufactured time measuring devices. From the 15th century onwards, hourglasses were mainly used to tell time at sea. An hourglass consists of two glass spheres connected vertically by a narrow neck that allows a controlled flow of material, usually sand, from the upper sphere to the lower. Hourglasses are still used today. They were also introduced for use in churches, industry and the kitchen. Candle clocks were another timekeeping device used in the ancient world, from China to England to Mesopotamia. Chronometers were developed in places like India and Tibet and the hourglass (which was widely used throughout Europe) came a little later. Receiving a clock for your birthday with a decoration dedicated to a specific birthday, whether you are 20, 40 or older, is great : unusual gifts for birthday, best anniversary gift ideas and unique anniversary gift ideas for an event that is celebrated every year and that will remain unique.

Clocks Since time immemorial, people have tried to tame time. Thanks to scientific discoveries and technical innovations, the measurement of time has gradually been mastered. For thousands of years, people have measured time in a variety of ways, including following the movements of the sun with sundials, using water clocks, candle clocks and hourglasses. Our modern basic 60 time system, a clock with periods of 60 minutes and 60 seconds, dates back to 2000 BC in ancient Sumeria (the southernmost region of ancient Mesopotamia). History of clocks; "Time is money", they say, but the history of clocks is long and fascinating. The measurement of time is one of the earliest developments of mankind and time has changed greatly since ancient times. The birth of clocks to measure time: A clock is a time-measuring instrument that usually tells the time continuously. The word comes from the Latin horologium, "that tells the time", itself derived from the Greek ὡρολόγιον (formed from oρα, "time", and λέγειν, "to tell", λόγιον, "to tell"). Since ancient times, the Latin term 'horologium' has been used to refer to any instrument capable of indicating time, which has often led to difficulties in interpreting ancient texts. Thus, a sundial, a water clock, an astrolabe, a nocturlabe, a mechanical clock were called "horologia". A clock with a photo of your holiday by the sea, in the mountains or in the countryside. There's nothing better to cheer you up when the holidays are over or when the weather is not good. These are custom photo gifts, photo gifts ideas, to personalise gifts photo, to personalise with photos

Do you find that the clocks sold in stores are not to your liking or lack of personality? You seem to see the same wall watch everywhere. Look no further, you can customize this clock as you wish. We print on the dial a photo or a text. Dig into your best photos and select one of a loved one or a place you love. You love animals take a nice photo of a horse, a pony during your walk or photograph your little four-legged friend. The custom clock is a deco idea to give a fun touch in the home, office, waiting room or any other place. The personalized watch is a great idea to offer a unique and useful gift. A nice photo of your children or your family to offer your parents, grandparents, your godfather or godmother ... a pretty image free of rights with the first name of your daughter or your son to individualize his room which will be decorated according to his personal tastes. The logo and name of your company to decorate your premises while giving the time. A proverb or motto to show your ideas, your convictions or a hilarious quote to amuse your friends. Everything is possible.